麻栎种植法

 麻栎，落叶乔木，高达25米；树皮暗灰色，浅纵裂；幼技密生绒毛，后脱落。叶椭圆状被针形，长8—18厘米，宽3—4．5厘米，顶端渐尖或急尖，基部圆或阔楔形，边缘有锯齿，齿端成刺芒状，背面幼时有短绒毛，后脱落，仅在脉腋有毛；叶柄长2—3厘米。壳斗碗状；苞片锥形，粗长刺状，有灰白色绒毛，反曲，包围坚果1/2；坚果卵球形或长卵形，直径1．5—2厘米；果脐隆起。花期4月，果次年10月成熟。产于我国辽宁南部、华北各省及陕西、甘肃以南。黄河中下游及长江流域较多。

 

幼林抚育管理 

　　zaolinhou，lianxujinxingchucaosongtu2～3nian，di1nian3ci（4～5yue，6yueji8yue）。di2nian2ci（4yueji6yue）。di3nian1ci（6yue）。bozhongzaolindemalimiao，yu6yuejianmiao2ci。

maliyingjishixiuzhi，yipeiyangyouliangganxing，bakusizhi、shuairuozhi、bingchonghaizhijituzhangzhijiandiao。zaihunjiaolinzhong，haiyaokandiaoyayimalishengzhangdeqitashuzhong，zaimalicexiafangdebanshengshuzhonghexiamu，zeyingjinliangbaoliu。

 

bozhongyumiao 

 

shouxianyaojinxingzhongzicaishou ，dierbuduizhongzimiechong，maliguoshixiangbichong(curculio spp．)duimalizhongziweihaijiweiyanzhong，yuyouguoqijianchanluanyuguopizhixia，xiangshichengshuhoufuhuaweiyouchong，nieshixiangren。yinci，xiangshicaishouhouyaojishimiechongchuli，tongchangzuibianjie、zuiyouxiaodefangfashishuijinmiechong。disanbushizhongziliangshai ， jingjinpaodezhongziyaojishitankailiangshai，yifangfaremeilan， disibushizhongzizhuzang， zhongziyuedongzhuzangkecaiyongshineihunshamaizangdefangfa，zuihoushizhongzicuiya，yinian3yuexiaxunzhi4yueshangxun，bozhongqian4～5 d，jiangzhongzishaichu。shuixuanhoudezhongzi，yaojishitanfangzaidimianshang，zhongzixiamianpu1～2cengcaolian，zhongzitanfang5～7 cmhou，meitianfandong2ci，zhongziganzaoshishishipenshui。yiban4～5 dhou，daizhongziyou30%zuoyoufayahou，biankebozhong。

 

播种

　　1.圃地选择

　　xuanzedishipingtan，paishuilianghao，youguangaitiaojiandesharangtu、qingrangtuzuoweiyumiaodi。turangzhanzhong、tongtouxingchadedikuai、paishuibuliangdediwadikuaibuyiyongzuoyumiaodi。

　　2.整地

　　yumiaodiyaojinxingxizhizhengdi，baokuofangeng、palao、pingzheng，zuodaoshengeng，xizheng，qingchucaogen、shikuaideng。zuihaoshiqiufanchunzheng，yinweiqiufanduigailiangturang，baoshangxushui，jianshaozacao，xiaomiechonghaidouyouxianzhuzuoyong。zaizhengdidetongshiyaoduiyumiaodijinxingshifei，yishiyongjiufeiheduifeizuihao，shifeiliangwei25003000 kg/667 m2。yekeshiyongyoujifei，kecaiyongeran，shiyongliang20-30 kg/667m2。weifangzhidixiahaichong，ketongshishiruxinliulinhuo3911keliyaoji，shiyongliangwei7．5～10 kg/667 m2。 yumiaokecaiyongchuangzuohuolongzuo，chuangshiyumiaoyaoqiuchuanggao15 cm、kuan100～110 cm，chuangjianjuliwei30～40 cm，zuochuangsuiranyumiaochanlianggao，danbubianyuguanli，zhishihexiaomianjiyumiao。weibianyuguanlizuoye，tongchangcaiyonglongzuoyumiao，longdikuan60 cm，longgao15～20 cm。qilong、zuochuangshijianbuyiguozao，yimianturangganzao，yingxuanzaibozhongqian1～2 djike。

　　3.播种期

　　zuodaoshishibozhong，chunjituranghuadong20 cm，dixia10 cmchudiwendadao10～12℃shijikebozhong，beifangdiquyibanzai4yueshangxunzhi4yuezhongxun。

　　4播种方法

　　  ①.longzuobozhongshunlongkai5～7 cmshengou，caidige，ranhoujunyunbaifangzhongzi，zhongzizuihaohengxiangfangzhi，meimizhangbozhonggoubozhong40～50li。bozhonghoufutu3～4 cm，bingshaojiazhenya。

　　  ②.chuangyongbozhongcaiyongtiaobo，hengchuangmeige20 cmkai5～7 cmshengou，caidige，meixingbozhong20～30li，bozhonghoufutu、zhenya。

 

苗期管理

        1.guangai、paishuiguangaiyaogenjumiaomudaxiao、turangqingkuangheganhanchengdu，zuodaoshishishiliang。zhongzifayahebaomiaojieduan，yingliangshaociduo，fangzhidibiaobanjie，baochishirun。miaomushengzhangfayuwangshengjieduan，yingliangduocishao。shengzhanghouqi，zaibuganhandeqingkuangxia，jinliangshaojiaohuobujiaoshui，yizengqiangmiaomumuzhihua。bingzhuyipailao，zuodaoneishuibuji，waishuibujin。

　     2.chucao、songtu

　　chucaohesongtushiyoumiaofuyuguanlizhongdeyigeshifenzhongyaodehuanjie，chucaoyaoyichuzao、chuxiao、chuleweiyuanze，yilimiaomudeshengzhanghefayu。songtuchujieherengong、jixiechucaojinxingwai，turangbijiaozhanzhongdedikuaimeicijiangyu、guangaihouyaosongtu，gaishanturangtongqitiaojian。

　　   3zhuifei

　　youmiaochutuhou1geyueneidishangbufenshengzhanghuanman，genxishengzhangjiaokuai，suoxuyangfenzhuyaoyikaoziyezhuzangyingyang，congwaijiexishouyangfendenenglijiaocha，yincizhuifeiyingzai6yueyujidaolaihoujinxing。zhuifeiyisuxiaodanfeiweizhu(runiaosu)kezai6yuezhongxun、8yueshangxungezhuifei1ci，meiciyongliangwei10～15 kg/667 m2。

　　   4jianmiao、dingmiao

　　youmiaochutuhouyaojishijianmiao，bachushengzhangguoyumiji、fayubulianghebingchonghaimiaomu，zuodaoqulieliuyou，fenbujunyun，weilebaozhengmiaomuzhiliang，budeyimidaixi。youmiaozhangchu2duizhenyeshi，jinxingdi1cijianmiao，youmiaokaishijinrushengzhangwangqishi，jiehejianmiaojinxingdingmiao，meicijianmiaohoudouyaojishiguanshui。danweimianjishangliumiaozhushu，yaobijihuachanmiaoliangduo10%zuoyou。

 

bingchongfangzhi  

malidezhuyaochonghaishilishixiangbichonghezuotianniu

防治方法：

　　（1）zhugouneizhuru25%yaanliulinruji250-500beiyehuo40%leguoruji500beiye10-20haosheng，xiaoguolianghao。

　　（2）yueshangxun，chengchongdaliangyuhuashi，juweiqunjiao，kefadongqunzhongbusha。